Freight Carrier/broker · Groveport, OH
FAF
6700 PORT ROAD · Groveport, OH 43125
Authorized: Property
(614) 497-5000
Tap to call
- MC #333604
- USDOT #728630 USDOT Active
- 1729Power Units
- 1917Drivers
- Carrier/brokerEntity Type
About this carrier
FAF is a Groveport, OH freight carrier/broker that is authorized for property in the state of Ohio. This company has 1729 truck(s) in their fleet and 1917 truck drivers. Their motor carrier number is MC-333604 and their USDOT number is 728630.
Sourced from FMCSA SAFER · last filed 10/29/2025 · last updated Jun 3, 2026.Carrier Details
- Legal Name FAF LLC
- Operating Status AUTHORIZED FOR Property
- MCS-150 Filed 10/29/2025
- MCS-150 Mileage 168,189,126 (2024)
Authority & Operations
Operation Classification
- Authorized for Hire
Carrier Operation
- Interstate
Cargo Authorized
- General Freight
- Intermodal Containers
- Chemicals
- Commodities Dry Bulk
- Beverages
Operating Territory
Home base Based in Groveport, Ohio. No roadside inspections on record in the past 24 months to map operating states.
Safety Record
Crashes (24 mo)
-
5Fatal
- 37Injury
- 97Tow
- 139Total
Behavior Categories (BASICs)
CategoryMeasureViolations
Unsafe Driving
1.23
257
Crash Indicator
Not Public
—
Hours of Service
0.1
62
Vehicle Maintenance
3.5
425
Drugs / Alcohol
0
0
Hazmat
Not Public
—
Driver Fitness
0.05
16
Inspection Summary
- 1Total
- 1Clean
- 706With violations
24-month window ending May 15, 2026
Violations Cited 250 unique codes
Critical 87
- 392.3Operating a CMV while ill or fatigued
- 177.834(a)Package not secure in vehicle
- 177.834A-HMCHM (Cargo) - Operating a motor vehicle with HM not blocked/braced/secured as required. NOTE: Any shifting likely to adversely affect HM/DG package integrity, under conditions normally incident to transportation
- 392.2-SLLS4State/Local Laws - Speeding 15 or more miles per hour over the speed limit
- 392.2-SLLSWZState/Local Laws - Speeding work/construction zone
- 392.82DUMTDriver - Using a hand-held mobile telephone
- 392.2-SLLCPState/Local Laws - Operate a CMV while using a cellular phone
- 393.75A3-TAOLTires - All others, leaking or inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire not equipped with ATIS
- 393.75A3-TAOLTISTires - All others, leaking in tread area and inflation less than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire equipped with ATIS
- 393.75(a)(3)Tire-flat and/or audible air leak
- 393.75(a)Flat tire or fabric exposed
- 393.75A1-TFBMFTires - Front, belt material/casing ply showing in tread area
- 393.75A3-TALSTires - All others - Leaking in sidewall area on tire equipped with ATIS
- 393.75A3-ATISTires - All others, leaking in tread area with inflation more than 50% of the maximum inflation pressure on tire equipped with ATIS
- 383.23(a)(2)Operating a CMV without a CDL
- 383.23A2-LCDLNLicense (CDL) - Operate a CMV and does not possess a valid CDL
- 383.51A-SINDriving a CMV while CDL is suspended for a safety-related or unknown reason and in state of driver's license issuance
- 391.11(b)(4)Driver operating a CMV without proper endorsements or in violation of restrictions
- 393.75A1-TAOBETATires - All others, more than one ply is exposed in the sidewall and the area exceeds 2 square inches.
- 393.75A1-TAORETATires - All others, has more than one ply exposed in the tread area exceeding 2 square inches.
- 393.75A2-TAOTLMTires - All others, 75% of the tread width is loose/missing in excess of 12 inches of circumference
- 393.75A3-TFLTires - Front, leaking or inflation 50% or less than of the maximum inflation pressure
- 393.75(b)Tire-front tread depth less than 4/32 of inch on a major tread groove
- 393.75B-TFTires - Front, less than 2/32 inch tread depth
- 393.75C-TAOTD-LT2/32Tires - Less than 2/32 inch tread depth
- 393.75(c)Tire-other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch measured in a major tread groove
- 383.23A2-LCDLNPLicense (CDL) - Operate a CMV while not in possession of a CDL on person
- 393.75C-TAOTD-LT1/32Tires - Less than 1/32 inch tread depth at 3 locations/2 adjacent tread grooves
- 396.3A1TTires (general)
- 393.207A-SAPPASSuspension - Axle positioning part cracked/broken/loose/missing resulting in axle shift
- 393.207F-SDASSuspension - Deflated air suspension
- 393.207F-SASMDSuspension - Air spring/bag is missing or is detached at the top or bottom.
- 395.8E-HOSPDHOS (Property) - No driver may make a false report in connection with a duty status. Explain
- 395.3A2-HOSPDHOS (Property) - Driving beyond the 14 hour after coming on duty following 10 consecutive hours off duty during the current 8 consecutive day period. Date and Time
- 393.207A-STBWSuspension - Suspension connecting rod or tracking component assembly missing the rubber bushing or the rubber bushing is worn to the extent that the component can be moved by hand along the axis of the component
- 393.207B-AALPME-OOSMore than 25% of the locking pins are missing or not engaged
- 393.207(c)Leaf spring assembly defective/missing
- 393.207(f)Air suspension pressure loss
- 393.9A-LSLIWRLighting - Stop lamps - Both inoperative when required to be on
- 393.9A-LTSILighting - Turn signal - Any inoperative on the rearmost vehicle.
- 393.9(a)Inoperative Brake Lamps
- 393.9TSInoperative turn signal
- 393.9B-LRLIWRLighting - Tail lamp - Both lamps on rearmost vehicle inoperative when required to be on
- 393.11A1-LSLMWRLighting - Stop lamps - Both missing when required to be on.
- 393.209D-STPALSteering - Pitman arm loose on the output shaft
- 393.25(f)Stop lamp violations
- 393.9A-LHLIWRLighting - Headlamps - Both inoperative when required to be on.
- 383.51A-SOUTDriving a CMV while CDL is suspended for safety-related or unknown reason and outside the state of driver's license issuance
- 395.8A1-HOSPHOS (Property) - Failing to have a record of duty status using the method prescribed
- 393.45B2-BHTDAir Brake - Hose/tubing damage into the outer reinforcement ply.
- 393.45B2-B-AIRAir Brake - Hose/tubing damaged or not secured
- 393.45(b)(2)Brake hose or tubing chafing and/or kinking
- 393.48(a)Inoperative/defective brakes
- 393.45Brake tubing and hose adequacy
- 393.45UVBrake Tubing and Hose Adequacy Under Vehicle
- 396.3A1-BALRAir Brake - Fails air loss rate test
- 396.3A1-BALACBrake - Audible air leak from a brake chamber
- 393.45B2PCBrake Hose or Tubing Chafing and/or Kinking - Connection to Power Unit
- 393.45B2UVBrake Hose or Tubing Chafing and/or Kinking Under Vehicle
- 393.45D-BAALAir Brake - Audible air leak at other than a proper connection
- 391.11B2SDriver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. Driver failed the Highway Traffic Sign Assessment
- 393.43A-TPVAir Brake - Inoperable or missing tractor protection valve
- 393.43A-TSVAir Brake - Inoperable or missing trailer supply valve
- 393.45(a)Air Brake tubing improperly joined or spliced
- 393.45A-BHTIJAir Brake - Improperly joined such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube
- 393.47A-BCLMAD-SAAir Disc Brake - Cracked/loose/missing lining/pad on a steering axle
- 393.47A-BDCBrake - Drum has any external crack, or has any crack that opens upon brake application
- 393.47A-BSFBrake - Malfunction causing smoke or fire to emit from the wheel end
- 396.3A1-FFuel - Dripping leak.
- 393.70B1I-CDSLI-MT25Coupling - Slider latching fasteners - More than 25% ineffective on either side.
- 396.3A1-DLDSUJBCBDriveline/Driveshaft - Any missing, broken or loose universal joint bearing cap bolt, bearing strap or retainer bolt
- 396.3A1-LLEAKA liquid fuel system with a dripping leak at any point
- 396.5A-HNLHubs - No visible or measurable lubricant showing in the hub
- 396.5B-HWSLHubs - Wheel seal leaking
- 396.5-HLHubs - Leaking hub
- 393.205A-WRBHWheel/Rim - Cracks between two holes
- 393.23-LEULighting - All electrical systems on towed vehicle(s) inoperative due to no electrical connection (e.g., unplugged or loose pigtail)
- 396.3(a)(1)Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts and accessories
- 393.9Inoperable Required Lamp
- 391.11(b)(4)Medical (Certificate) - Operating a CDL (passenger or property carrying) vehicle that is non-excepted and the driver has self-certified as excepted interstate or excepted intrastate with the state driver's licensing agency.
- 391.41B10-MCMedical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial vehicle without corrective lenses or hearing aid as indicated on the driver's medical certificate
- 393.205A-WRDCWheel/Rim - Disc wheel cracked more than 3 inches
- 393.205A-WRTCWheel/Rim - Two or more cracks anywhere.
- 391.41(a)Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency. History of either failing to produce a medical certificate or having an expired medical certificate.
- 391.41A-MCPVIMedical (Certificate) - Operating a passenger-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency when medical certification is required.
- 393.65C-FNSFuel - Tank not secured.
- 393.78-WOOSWipers - Inoperative/missing/damaged on drivers side, during inclement weather requiring use of the windshield wipers
Unsafe Driving 28
- 392.2-SLLS3State/Local Laws - Speeding 11-14 miles per hour over the speed limit
- 392.16-DDriver - Failed to use seat belt while operating a CMV
- 392.16Failing to use seat belt while operating a CMV
- 392.16ADDriver - Failed to use seat belt while operating a CMV.
- 392.16B-DPASSDriver - Failed to require passenger(s) (not a co-driver) to use seat belt while operating a property-carrying CMV.
- 392.2-SLLTCDState/Local Laws - Failed to obey a traffic control device - Permanent or Temporary - e.g., safety official, signal, sign, light, lane marking, other
- 392.2CFailure to obey traffic control device
- 392.2-INATDriver- Inattentive or Distracted Driving
- 392.2-SLLMLState/Local Laws - Failure to maintain lane
- 392.2-SLLFCState/Local Laws - Following too closely
- 392.2LCImproper lane change
- 392.2-SLLILCState/Local Laws - Improper lane change
- 392.2FCFollowing too close
- 392.2SLIMPTState/Local Laws - General impeding traffic.
- 392.2-SLLFYState/Local Laws - Failed to yield right of way
- 392.2YFailure to yield right of way
- 392.2-DMOVEDriver - Move over/slow law - Failure to yield right of way to authorized emergency vehicles
- 392.2-MLFailure to Maintain Lane
- 392.2-SLLITState/Local Laws - Improper turns
- 392.2-SLTFCState/Local Laws - Speeding basic rule/speed too fast for conditions
- 392.2-SLLS2State/Local Laws - Speeding 6-10 miles per hour over the speed limit
- 392.2-SLLLRState/Local Laws - Lane restriction violation
- 392.2LVLane Restriction violation
- 392.2-SLLUPState/Local Laws - Unlawfully parking /leaving vehicle on roadway
- 392.22A-DDriver - Failed to activate hazard warning signal flashers
- 392.2-SLLLRState/Local Laws - Lane restriction violation
- 392.2-SLLMLState/Local Laws - Failure to maintain lane
- 392.2-SLLTCDState/Local Laws - Failed to obey a traffic control device - Permanent or Temporary - e.g., safety official, signal, sign, light, lane marking, other
Hours of Service 24
- 395.8(e)(1)PCHOS - False record of duty status driver improper use of Personal Conveyance - Not OOS
- 395.3A1-HOSPDHOS (Property) - Driving more than 11 hours following 10 consecutive hours off duty during the current 8 consecutive day period. Date and Time
- 395.3(a)(3)(ii)Driving beyond 8 hour driving limit since the end of the last on duty, off duty, or sleeper period of at least 30 minutes
- 395.3AIIDriving beyond 8 hour driving limit since the end of the last on duty, off duty or sleeper berth period of at least 30 consecutive minutes
- 395.8(e)False report of drivers record of duty status
- 395.34A1-ELDDFNHOS (ELD) - Driver failed to note the malfunction of the ELD and provide written notice of the malfunction to the motor carrier within 24 hours
- 395.8K2-HOSRCHOS (Manner) - Driver failed to retain a copy of each record of duty status for the previous 7 consecutive days which shall be in his/her possession and available for inspection while on duty
- 395.24(d)ELD cannot transfer ELD records electronically
- 395.24D-ELDPTHOS (ELD) - On request by an authorized safety official, a driver must produce and transfer from an ELD the driver's hours of service records in accordance with the instruction sheet provided by the motor carrier
- 395.24HOS (ELD) - ELD Form and Manner
- 395.30B1-ELDDFRHOS (ELD) - Driver failing to review records and certify the accuracy of the information.
- 395.24C2II-ELDTNHOS (ELD) - Driver failing to manually input or verify CMV trailer number.
- 395.22H4-ELDBRODSHOS (ELD) - In-Vehicle Information - Failing to have a supply of blank driver's records of duty status graph-grids sufficient to record the driver's duty status and other related information for a minimum of 8 days.
- 395.24C2III-ELDSDNHOS (ELD) - Driver failing to manually input or verify shipping document number.
- 395.30B2-ELDDFC24HOS (ELD) - Driver failing to certify the record immediately after the final required entry has been made or corrected for the 24 hour period.
- 395.24C2IIIDriver failed to manually add shipping document number
- 395.22G-ELDMFVHOS (ELD) - A portable ELD is not mounted in a fixed position and visible to the driver when seated in the normal driving position.
- 395.26(b)Motor carrier failed to ensure that the ELD automatically recorded the required data elements.
- 395.3A3HOSPRNPDriving beyond 11 hour driving limit in a 14-hour period. (Property carrying vehicle) - Nominal Violation
- 395.8Record of Duty Status violation (general/form and manner)
- 395.8(a)HOS (Form) - Paper Log/Logging Programs Form and Manner
- 395.22H2-ELDNISDTHOS (ELD) Driver failing to have instruction sheet describing the data transfer mechanisms supported by the ELD and step-by-step instructions for the driver to produce and transfer the driver's hours of service records to an authorized safety official
- 395.30B1Driver failed to certify the accuracy of the information gathered by the ELD
- 395.3A2-PROPNDriving beyond 14 hour duty period (Property carrying vehicle) - Nominal Violation
Vehicle Maintenance 103
- 393.102C1-CCargo - Immobilized, such so that it cannot shift or tip to the extent that the vehicle's stability or maneuverability is adversely affected
- 393.9A-LSLILighting - Stop lamps - Any inoperative.
- 393.9A-LFTSILighting - Front - Turn signal - inoperative
- 393.9A-HLLHLighting - Headlamp(s) fail to operate on low and high beam
- 393.9A-LBLLighting - Backup lamp inoperative
- 393.9A-LRLILighting - Tail lamp - Any inoperative
- 393.9TInoperable tail lamp
- 393.9A-LHLILighting - Headlamp(s) - Any inoperative
- 393.9A-LHWSLighting - Hazard warning signal(s) inoperative
- 393.9A-LTSIRLighting - Turn signal -Any inoperative on a unit that is not the rearmost unit
- 393.9HInoperable head lamps
- 393.11A1-LCHLLighting - Lamps improper color, height, location.
- 393.11A1-LLighting - Lamps improper color.
- 393.11A1-LTNRVLighting - Turn signal - Any missing not on the rearmost vehicle.
- 393.9B-LFTSOLighting - Front - Turn signal - obscured
- 393.9B-LHLOLighting - Headlamp(s) - Any obscured.
- 393.47(e)Brake Out of Adjustment - Roto, Clamp (Short & Long), DD-3, or Bolt
- 393.53B-BAir Brake - CMV manufactured on or after 10/20/1994 has an automatic airbrake adjustment system that fails to compensate for wear
- 393.55E-BAir Brake - ABS malfunction lamp defective on trailers manufactured on or after March 1, 1998
- 393.45D-BAir Brake - Audible air leak at a proper connection
- 393.53(b)CMV manufactured after 10/19/94 has an automatic airbrake adjustment system that fails to compensate for wear
- 393.55(e)No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator Lamp for trailer manufactured after 03/01/1998
- 393.45B2-BAir brake - Hose/tubing damaged or not secured
- 393.45C-BSGAir Brake - Missing or inadequate Nonmetallic tubing spring guard
- 393.45DLUVBrake Connections with Leaks Under Vehicle
- 393.55C2-BAir Brake - CMV other than truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1998 not equipped with an antilock brake system. System does not function or indicates a fault.
- 393.45(d)Brake connections with leaks or constrictions
- 393.48A-BMBCBDDrum Brake - Missing/broken component(s)
- 393.55(c)(1)Truck Tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1997 not equipped with an antilock brake system
- 396.3A1-ALBVAir Brake - Any leak from a brake valve
- 393.45DLPCBrake Connections with Leaks - Connection to Power Unit
- 393.48A-BIBDDrum Brake - Inoperative other than a steering axle
- 393.55D1-BAir Brake - ABS malfunction lamp defective on truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1997 and each single unit CMV on or after 1998.
- 396.17(c)Operating a CMV without proof of a periodic inspection
- 396.17C-PIOperating a CMV without documentation of a periodic inspection
- 396.3A1BBrakes (general) Explain:
- 396.3(a)(1)Brake - Leak from air chamber
- 392.7A-DDriver - Failed to conduct pre-trip inspection or make use of required parts and accessories
- 393.41-BNPB-SPRBrake - Inoperative or missing power unit spring brake
- 393.45DCUVBrake Connections with Constrictions Under Vehicle
- 393.45PCBrake Tubing and Hose Adequacy - Connections to Power Unit
- 393.47A-BCFSADAir Disc Brake - Contaminated friction surface
- 393.47A-BCFSBDDrum Brake - Contaminated friction surface
- 393.47A-BCLMBDDrum Brake - Cracked/loose/missing lining/pad
- 393.47C-BSAMBDDrum Brake - Slack adjuster length mismatched on the same axle other than a steering axle
- 393.47D2-BLTBDDrum Brake - Inadequate lining/pad thickness
- 393.48A-BMBCADAir Disc Brake - Missing/broken component(s)
- 393.55C1-BAir Brake - Truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1997, not equipped with an ABS system. System does not function or indicates a fault.
- 393.55(c)(2)CMV other than truck-tractor manufactured on or after March 1, 1998 not equipped with an antilock brake system.
- 393.55(d)(3)No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator for towed vehicles on vehicles manufactured after February 2001
- 393.55D3-BAir Brake - ABS malfunction, trailers manufactured after March 1, 2001 unable to transmit ABS malfunction signal to towing vehicle.
- 396.3A1-BARSAir Brake - Air reservoir separated from its original attachment points or moving more than 1 inch
- 396.3A1-OALOther - Any air leak not attributed to the brake or suspension system.
- 393.11A1-CSLRRConspicuity Systems - Truck tractor, lower rear retro reflective sheeting missing on vehicle manufactured on or after July 1, 1997
- 393.11No or defective lighting devices or reflective material as required
- 396.5B-LLubrication - Oil or grease leak
- 393.11B-CSLRRConspicuity Systems - Trailers, lower rear retro reflective sheeting inadequate on vehicle manufactured on or after December 1, 1993
- 396.5(b)Oil and/or grease leak
- 393.11A1-CSURRConspicuity Systems - Truck tractor, upper rear retro reflective sheeting missing on vehicle manufactured on or after July 1, 1997
- 393.11B-CSURRConspicuity Systems - Trailers, upper rear retro reflective sheeting inadequate on vehicle manufactured on or after December 1, 1993
- 393.11TUTruck-Tractor upper body corner requirements for retroreflective sheeting or reflex reflective material for vehicles manufactured after July 1997
- 393.11B-CSRIGRRConspicuity Systems - Trailers, rear impact guard retro reflective sheeting inadequate on vehicle manufactured on or after December 1, 1993
- 393.11LRNo Lower rear retroreflective sheeting or reflex reflective materials as required for vehicles manufactured after December 1993
- 393.11TLTruck-Tractor lower rear mud flaps retroreflective sheeting / reflex reflective material requirements for vehicles manufactured after July 1997
- 393.28-WSWiring Systems - Copper wire exposed
- 393.30-BBattery - Not protected
- 393.81-HHorn - Inoperative or defective
- 396.3A1-AASGMD-L6Any of the slider-guide/hold-down brackets are missing or disengaged.
- 396.5(a)Failing to ensure that vehicle is properly lubricated
- 393.95A4-EEUSEmergency Equipment - Fire Extinguishers - unsecured
- 393.9A-LCLLighting - Clearance lamp(s) inoperative
- 393.9A-LILLighting - Identification lamp(s) inoperative
- 393.9A-LSMLLighting - Side marker lamp(s) inoperative
- 393.95A1Emergency Equipment - Fire Extinguishers - no fire extinguisher present or not properly rated.
- 393.95(a)No/discharged/unsecured fire extinguisher
- 393.95(f)Emergency Equipment - Stopped vehicle warning devices missing or improper
- 393.203E-CBPCab and Body Parts - Cab front bumper missing/not secured/protruding
- 393.205C-WRAWFLMIBWheel/Rim - Any wheel fasteners loose/missing/ineffective/broken.
- 393.201B-FRFrame - Cab or body mounts loose/broken/missing
- 392.2SLSNCState/Local Laws - CMV snow chains required
- 393.11A1-LCLLighting - Clearance lamp(s) missing
- 393.11A1-LSMLLighting - Side marker lamp(s) missing
- 393.203(a)Cab door missing/broken
- 393.203(b)Cab/body improperly secured to frame
- 393.203B-CBPCab and Body Parts - Cab/body mounts loose/broken/missing
- 393.205A-WRCCWheel/Rim - Circumferential crack
- 393.205(c)Wheel fasteners loose and/or missing
- 393.205C-WRWheel/Rim - Wheel fasteners loose/missing/ineffective/broken.
- 393.86(a)(4)Rear Impact Guard not within 12 in of rear of vehicle at 22 in above the ground
- 393.95A4-EENAEmergency Equipment - Fire Extinguishers - not readily accessible
- 393.9A-LLPLLighting - License plate lamp inoperative
- 396.5B-HWSLIWHubs - Wheel seal leaking - inner wheel
- 396.5B-HWSLOWHubs - Wheel seal leaking - outer wheel
- 399.207B-CBPCab-Over-Engine truck or tractor only - Truck and truck tractor cab access violations
- 392.2-SLLMFState/Local Laws - Wheel (mud) flaps missing or defective
- 393.78A-WSWashers - Inoperative washing system.
- 393.60(d)Windshield / Windows - Tinting permits less than 70% of light transmittance
- 393.78Wipers - Inoperative / missing / damaged wipers
- 393.60(c)Windshield - Damaged or Discolored
- 393.100C-CCargo - Cargo not secured against shifting
- 392.2WCWheel (Mud) Flaps missing or defective
- 392.9(a)(3)Drivers view and / or movement is obstructed
- 393.60EWindshield - Obstructed
Hazardous Materials 5
- 172.504A-HMPSHM (Placarding) - Bulk package/freight container/unit load device/transport vehicle not placarded as required.
- 172.506(a)(1)Placards not affixed to vehicle
- 172.602(a)Emergency Response information not complete
- 177.817E2-HMHCHM (Highway Carriage) - Failing to have HM shipping papers readily accessible.
- 177.801-HMHCNPHM (Highway Carriage) - Driver accepted/transported HM not prepared in accordance with this Subchapter. Explain
Driver Fitness 3
- 383.71HLicense (CDL) - CDL or CLP holder possesses a valid medical certificate but is not on file with the issuing state driver's licensing agency as required
- 391.41A-FOperating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate.
- 391.41A-MCPCMedical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial motor vehicle without showing proof of a valid medical certification upon request when medical certification is required.
Locations
Physical Address
FAF6700 PORT ROAD
GROVEPORT, OH 43125
Mailing Address
Same as physical.